Review of TOD Researches and Case Studies

Hanfeng Qian

Institute of Comprehensice Transportation of National Development and Reform Commission

TOD (Transit Oriented Development) is the product of American suburbanization, which based on the new urbanism trend and the concept of regional transit development-oriented implementation of smart growth. TOD is often considered as an effective method to curb the spread of urban spatial growth. Since the 90s, China has introduced the concept of TOD in the process of land development along with the rail transit. In recent years, TOD has been combined with the concepts of low-carbon city, livable city, compact city and urban complex development. This article based on analyzing the concept and types of TOD, foreign classic cases, elaborates the guiding principles, design features, planning systems and layout modes of TODTheTODdevelopment in China can be integrated into the planning procedure and thus to make more reasonable layout planning surround the rail station area and to reduce planning blindness of differentregions. The TOD based planning and control guideline should be developed correspondent to development characteristics, planning conditions and requirements of the surrounding rail station area. In this way, development and construction can be ensured smoothly and a distinctive regional space image can be shaped.

Chinese cities such as Shenzhen has put forward the TOD planning frameworkthat coordinated with transport planning and urban planning, which determined the spatial scales of TOD sites, divided and controlled the land functions, guided the urban design and environment elements (including open space, underground space and identification systems) as well as the measures of planning and controlling of the transportation facilities and transfer ways. This paper also reviews the domestic TOD development experience mode, including: (1) determines the TOD development mode, clarify the role and position of the enterprises and governments, (2) establishes the transit-oriented planning and designing system, builds the communication platform for land and transportation planning, (3) refines the planning points, quantifies the planning design standards, innovates the planning and construction management methods, improves the planning and construction management tools, (4) carries out detailed planning for TOD area, coordinates the planning and development process, (5) develops positive and flexible rewards and punishments measures, improves the supporting security policies, perfects the investment and financing mechanism for rail transit, and encourages the joint development for rail property.